蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)保護(hu)(hu)作業(ye)必不可少，無論是人工操(cao)作保護(hu)(hu)，還(huan)是自動(dong)監控辦(ban)理，都是為(wei)了及時檢測出單個電池(chi)(chi)的(de)反常(chang)故障或影響電池(chi)(chi)充放電性能的(de)設備體(ti)(ti)系(xi)故障，積極(ji)采納糾正措施，確保電源體(ti)(ti)系(xi)穩定可靠地運行。蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)查(cha)看保護(hu)(hu)分(fen)為(wei)日常(chang)保護(hu)(hu)、季度(du)保護(hu)(hu)和年度(du)保護(hu)(hu)。
一、日常保護
1、確保電池外表清潔干燥；
2、常(chang)常(chang)留意(yi)電(dian)池(chi)體系(xi)的(de)環境溫度及電(dian)池(chi)外觀的(de)改變；
3、常(chang)常(chang)查看蓄電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)線浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（終端總電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)），并(bing)與面板(ban)顯現對(dui)照，必要時加以校對(dui)；
4、確保電(dian)池柜或電(dian)池室(shi)的清潔，通風或許(xu)照明(ming)良好。
二、季度保護
1、目(mu)測查看(kan)電池外(wai)外(wai)表的清潔度，外(wai)殼(ke)和(he)蓋(gai)的完好情(qing)況，電池外(wai)觀有(you)無鼓(gu)包變(bian)形等改變(bian)，電池有(you)無過熱痕跡；
2、每季度(du)(du)(du)在電池體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的一致檢測點，檢測記載蓄(xu)電池體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的環境溫度(du)(du)(du)和可代表體系(xi)(xi)(xi)的平均溫度(du)(du)(du)，當溫度(du)(du)(du)低于或(huo)高于25℃時，應調理溫度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，如沒有安裝溫控(kong)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，應對浮充(chong)電壓進(jin)行調整；
3、在電池端(duan)測量并記載浮(fu)充總電壓，與面板(ban)電表顯現值對照(zhao)，如有差異及(ji)時查找原因加以糾正；
4、測量(liang)并(bing)記載體系中每只電池(chi)的浮充電壓，正常情況(kuang)下應(ying)該在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)范圍內波動，如發(fa)現反常，找出原因加以糾(jiu)正；
5、做(zuo)恢復性放(fang)電(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗，用假負(fu)載或實踐負(fu)載放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，即(ji)切斷(duan)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，用蓄電(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)。發現單(dan)個電(dian)(dian)池容量偏低后(hou)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池均衡充電(dian)(dian)，經均衡充電(dian)(dian)后(hou)仍不能恢復容量的，要將(jiang)容量過低的電(dian)(dian)池換掉。
三、年度保護
1、重(zhong)復季度保護(hu)一切(qie)內容；
2、查看一切電池間的連(lian)接點并(bing)確保連(lian)接緊固可靠；
3、隨(sui)意(yi)抽取幾只電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)內(nei)阻測試，因(yin)為電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的內(nei)阻與其(qi)容量無線(xian)性(xing)聯(lian)系(xi)，因(yin)而電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的內(nei)阻不能用來直(zhi)接標明電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的精確容量，但電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻可作為電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)"健(jian)康"狀況(kuang)好壞的指示(shi)信號。
四、影(ying)響蓄電池壽(shou)數的(de)幾個要(yao)素
1、深度放電
放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循環壽(shou)數(shu)影響很大(da)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)假(jia)如常(chang)常(chang)深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，循環壽(shou)數(shu)將縮短。因(yin)為同(tong)一(yi)額外容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就意味(wei)著(zhu)常(chang)常(chang)選(xuan)用(yong)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)或常(chang)常(chang)處(chu)于欠(qian)壓狀(zhuang)況(kuang)又不(bu)能及時(shi)進(jin)行再(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸鹽顆粒大(da)，極板活性物質(zhi)不(bu)能被充分利用(yong)，長(chang)時(shi)間下去蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)實踐容(rong)量將逐漸減小，影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)作(zuo)業。因(yin)為太(tai)陽能光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體系(xi)一(yi)般不(bu)太(tai)簡(jian)單產(chan)生(sheng)過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，所以長(chang)時(shi)間處(chu)于虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)是太(tai)陽能光伏體系(xi)中(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失效和壽(shou)數(shu)縮短的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)。
2、放電速率
一(yi)般(ban)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)20小時放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)的(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)額(e)外容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)。若(ruo)運用低于(yu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)小時的(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)，則(ze)可得到高于(yu)額(e)外值(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)；若(ruo)運用高于(yu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)小時的(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)，所放(fang)(fang)出(chu)的(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)要比蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額(e)外容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)小，同時放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)率(lv)也影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流優先(xian)分布(bu)在離主體溶(rong)液(ye)較(jiao)近(jin)的(de)外表上，導(dao)致(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極外表構(gou)成硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)而堵住多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極內部。在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，上述問題更加突出(chu)，所以放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流變(bian)大，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)給出(chu)的(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)也就越小，端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)下降速(su)(su)度加速(su)(su)，即放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)隨著放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)增大而降低。但(dan)另(ling)一(yi)方面，也并(bing)非放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)率(lv)越低越好，有研究標明長(chang)時間(jian)太小放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)率(lv)會因硫酸(suan)鉛(qian)分子(zi)生成量(liang)(liang)顯著地增加，產(chan)生應力形(xing)成極板彎曲(qu)和活性物質脫落(luo)，也會降低蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)運用壽(shou)數(shu)。
3、外界溫度過高
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)額(e)外(wai)容(rong)量(liang)是指蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在25℃時(shi)的(de)(de)數(shu)值，一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)為(wei)閥控(kong)密(mi)封式鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)在20~30℃范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)較為(wei)理想(xiang)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)低(di)時(shi)，表現(xian)為(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)減小(xiao)，因(yin)為(wei)在低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)條件下電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)不能很好地與極板(ban)的(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質充分(fen)反響。容(rong)量(liang)削減將不能滿足(zu)預期的(de)(de)后備運用時(shi)間(jian)和(he)保持(chi)在規則的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)內(nei)，很簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)形成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。從(cong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)外(wai)部參(can)數(shu)來看，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)有(you)很大聯系(xi)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)每升高(gao)(gao)1℃，單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)下降(jiang)3mV。也就是說，鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓具(ju)有(you)負溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)，其(qi)值為(wei)-3mV/℃。相同的(de)(de)道(dao)理，環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)(gao)簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)形成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)還會帶(dai)來蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失(shi)水(shui)、熱失(shi)控(kong)現(xian)象。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)是影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正常(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)一(yi)個主要要素，在太陽能光伏(fu)體系(xi)中，一(yi)般(ban)都要求控(kong)制器具(ju)有(you)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)補償功能。
4、部分放電
5、高溫存儲